Applications of Engineering Materials in Aerospace

Applications of Engineering Materials in AerospaceIn this project I will discuss in exposit the applications of locomotive locomotiveering genuines in Engineering and its many application in the Aerospace and Formula 1. Materials atomic number 18 key in railway locomotiveering because the correct materials be needed to meet the needed of the environment that they are meant for use in. In aerospace the materials that are generally employ are thing such as atomic number 22, aluminium, cytosine fibre. For example titanium and titanium alloys are apply in aerospace engine combustion chamber which send packing be in the region of 2000C in some instances.Application of materials in Formula 1Formula 1 is a motor racing category in which the gondola automobiles can reach extremely high straight force speed and cornering speeds. For them to be able to reach to be able to reach such high speeds and start in such conditions, the cars much be built from extremely light and sacr osanct materials such as carbon fibre and titanium. Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer is utilise extensively in high-end automobile racing .The high cost of carbon fiber is mitigated by the materials unsurpassed strength-to-weight ratio, and low weight is essential for high-performance automobile racing. Race-car counterbalancers feel similarly developed methods to give carbon fiber pieces strength in a certain direction, reservation it strong in a load-bearing direction, but weak in directions where little or no load would be placed on the member.Materials such as titanium are also used a lot throughout a formula one engine because of the fact that it is extremely strong and light which allows it the engine to operate at extreme engine speeds such as 20000RPM for a sustained period of time without resulting in engine failure. A material called Inconel is used in the facial expression of the cars wash up pipe because of its ability to hold its shape and continue to work as in intended at high temperatures in the region of 900-1000 C . Quite a great deal in formula the rule makers often dictate what materials are permissible in the construction in various give aways of the car and what materials are forbidden. This often due to trying to stop the teams from using in truth expensive materials in the development of the cars, which would manoeuver spending sky high. Materials such as beryllium alloys where banned in the use of the construction of the engine as a cost cutting measure. When with the FIA, the regulators of the sport, top teams with big budgets quite easily end up spending in the region of 250 million a year on the development of the car.The descriptor of the car also knows as the monocoque because of how its constructed as one piece. The phase of the car is also sometime referred to as the survival cell because it has been designed to cocoon the driver in the event of crash and protect them from injury. The build also has to be real l ight as well so that it is viable to reach highest possible acceleration which gives the teams a possible advantage over their rivals. Another reason for a strong chassis in grand prix racing is that the chassis is also used as mounting point for the engine and the trainbox. The reason this is done again to save as much weight as possible whilst increase the structural integrity of the car. The material that can do all then things is carbon fiber which was offshoot used in formula 1 when a British engineer called John Barnard built the McLaren MP4-1 chassis from carbon fiber. The material should just how strong it when McLaren driver John Watson had a heavy crash at the Italian grand prix at the Monza circuit , and managed to get out without any major injuries. The car did go to win 6 grand Prix because it was significantly ahead of its rivals in terms of the materials used in its construction which gave it huge advantage over the rest of the field considering that this versati le and super strong was introduced in 1983.Limitations and recyclability of the materials used in Formula 1 and thatThe limitations of many of the materials is that that most of it is very expensive because of the nature of the materials which puts allot of figure on the smaller teams with smaller budgets especially since 60% of the car is constructed from carbon fibre. Carbon fibre is a recyclable material but the problem with it is that the more it is recycled the more of its structural integrity it losses, like plastic, and therefore the attribute of it goes down significantly which means that it can only be used for things such as road paving fillers.The metal parts of the car such as the cars such as the cars engine and internal parts of the gearbox, such as the gear ratio, gear forks and the main shaft, can all be very easily recycled without the loss of the strength or quality of the material. Materials such as titanium and steel alloyed which are used for internal parts o f the gearbox and also the engines major castings ( cylinder heads , crankshaft, engine block , camshafts) can be melted down and made back into gear ratio or many other things such as aerospace quality components which are found in aircraft fuselage or deep within the engines.Material applications in the Aerospace IndustryMaterial research, development and application are absolutely vital in the aerospace industry because through the development of materials that planes are flying higher, faster and safer than perpetually before. Through the use of ultra light and ultra strong materials such as GLARE (Glass Laminate aluminium Reinforced Epoxy). GLARE is a Glass Laminate Aluminum Reinforced Epoxy FML, composed of several very thin layers of metal (usually aluminum) interspersed with layers of glass-fiber pre-peg, bonded together with a matrix such as epoxy. The uni-directional pre-preg layers may be reorient in different directions to suit the predicted stress conditions.Although GLARE is a conglomerate material, 1 its material properties and fabrication are very similar to bulk aluminum metal sheets. It has far less in common with composite structures when it comes to design, manufacture, inspection or maintenance. GLARE parts are constructed and repaired using mostly conventional metal material techniques.With the application of such materials in aerospace, it has allowed engineers to create bigger planes which are also very economical at the same time. the use of fatigue resistant materials such as GLARE and carbon fibre also reduce maintenance of aircraft because they dont need to be checked for cracks as often as planes which are made from aluminium and aluminium alloys. Which are plane from aluminium are more disposed to what is known as metal fatigue. Metal fatigue happens as a result of incessant loading from the years of pressurisation cycles that a plane goes when it increases and decreases in altitude.Many aerospace companies such Rolls Royce have an in-house material science research department which spend millions of pounds in research with the hope that it will lead to better quality materials which will be able to function correctly in extreme environments such within the nerve center of a high bypass turbo cull out engine, where the temperatures can be in excess of 2000C. The materials are used for this are usually titanium alloys because of its ability to stay in its original shape. If you look closely at the picture of the turbine blade bellow , it can be observed that many small holes have been very precisely drilled in and this is to aid the cooling of the blade and stop in from melting and last causing an entire engine failure. Another reason why such ultra light materials are used is because, the engineers want to smear the mass of the components as much as possible because this reduces the inertia of the part and this will result in better response time from the engine ,when the pilots engine increase to p executive to the engine. Lighter components also reduce the fuel consumption of and the engine which is especially important considering the fuel prices as they continue to rise. This is something that airlines will pay extra close attention to because they are always looking to minimize their cost to increase their profits, this is especially important at the moment give the current state of the spheric economy.Materials in aerospace are also select for their ability to be able to absorb tremendous amounts of zippo from unlikely event of an engine failure or an uncontrolled explosion of some sort. Aerospace engine manufacture such as Rolls Royce and General Electric also take the extra step of detonating a fan blade to see whether the engines fan case absorb and contain the impact and to stop parts of the engine escaping and causing further impact to the aircraft. Manufacturers often spend as much as $30 million on this test, at there on expense to prove to potential passengers and airline customers that the engine is truly safe and air worthy.