Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry

IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON INDUSTRY Individual bemuse BEng AE3082 PIYUM CHATHURANGA PALLIYAGURUGE K0920258 25/11/2011 Marked By Dr Andy Lung Contents Introduction2 Objectives3 Deliverables4 Literature savour backward (Findings up to control)5 1. habitual environmental issues and mandates5 2. environmental legislations and issues on the manuf conducturing perseverance and clobbers6 3. Aerospace relate environmental legislations and issues. 7 Gantt Chart9 Discussion10 Reference11 Bibliography11 extension11 Introduction The development of the atomic number 18a around us has been increasing rapidly in galore(postnominal) areas during the past years.As a endpoint of the development the human lifestyle has become easier and efficient. Unfortunately these benefits from development cod come at a price, the price been environmental contaminant. The developing dish out affects the environmental stability of the world in many different ship canal such as clim ate change, global warming and health hazards. With the function of preventing or minimizing these negative effects, governments and separate officials have brought forward many environmental regulations. These regulations have an influence on our daily lifestyle and on how industries lam.The recital of environmental regulations in Europe goes back to the 19th century when the industrial revolution took place. In 1972 European officials unwrapd environmental policies with deuce-ace chief(prenominal) objectives. The main objectives were to prevent and reduce environmental suffering, to support environmental stability and to match the use of inbred imaginativenesss. Since then the environmental policies has been changing and affecting many industries around the globe. virtually main industries include the building intentness, automotive fabrication, manu particularuring industry and tune industry.Different industries handle environmental regulations using different appr oaches and the accompaniment proposition equal on the industry differs from i to some former(a). Although the impact on the industries differ the ecumenical out comes by enforcing regulations provide remain the same. It is vital to look in to the bigger picture of global environmental protection rather than save concentrating on minor drawbacks which can occurs during the protection bear upon. EU environmental Policies,2006 Environmental regulations in addition have a significant effect on the common humanity.It is clean to state that environmental policies have changed almost every aspect of our lives. before long more(prenominal) than and more people consider been eco-friendly which can be seen from their last making. on that point is a direct link between the public and the industries. If the industries introduce more eco-friendly products the public forget appreciate them and leave consume, the best vitrine for this is the hybrid car. This scenario overly w orks the another(prenominal) way around if the public insist to have more efficient and eco-friendly products the industry will run their studys.By making this connection stronger it will be easy to restore environmental stability and maintain it with little aggravation. Industries have taken many steps to minimise defilement and to prevent coming(prenominal) befoulment. This picture will look in to the environmental impact on the melodic line (aerospace) industry and how it will affect the emerging of the industry and it will as well as investigate where the airmanship industry stands presently when it comes to environmental regulations. breeze pollution is highly undergo in and around airdromes.This is the condition why I alloted this item project. My future intend is to study further on Airport Planning and commission furthermore my ambition is to work for my kingdom Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is a developing country which has less experience on the subject of envir onmental pollution which is another crusade for me to select this project. Objectives In order to posit the get onion of the project easy, the project is carried out in trey main degrees. This will alike help to be on track according to the project plan these three legs are illustrated as accompanying.Stage 1 This coif helps to get an persuasion on what the project is really about and gives an idea what to expect in the future. Stage unitary mainly involves general broad reading. Objectives for correspond one is as follows. * Planning the project * What is environmental pollution about * The report of the regulations established to protect the environment * Critical abridgment of environmental regulations * How environmental regulations effect the general public * Environmental regulations and different industries * Future of the regulations * Introductions to gentle wind and environmental regulations * Any other general readingStage 2 The stage deuce helps to build up deliver opinions and profit more information on the actual subject. One other main objective in stage two is to think about possible applications for the project. The objectives for stage two is as follows. * Altering the project plan if needed * Regulations on the aviation industry * How the industry act according to the regulations * How different is the aviation industry when compared to other industries * twist up an own opinion on the subject * realistic applications for the project * Report submission (the planning report)Stage 3 This is the final stage of the project where the possible application is developed based on own opinions of the subject. The reading done in this stage should be more undertake on the subject. By doing interrogation it is important to do an in-depth analysis of specific subject entropy. By stage three the application of the project should be specifying a particular subject, if the application is too general or duologue about many issues i t will be hard to reach to a conclusion for the project. The objectives for stage three are as follows. * In-depth reading on condition subject area (aviation) Working on one specific application * Coming to a conclusion based on the specified application * Presentation on the project * Report submission (final report) Deliverables General aim of the project was briefly explained earlier in the introduction. If it is to be recapped again, the general aim is to evaluate the impact by environmental legislations on the aerospace industry. For this particular topic in that location can be many end applications since it is a broad subject area, consequently it is important to narrow the subject matters into a one specified section and continue with the application.By the time the application is consummate there will be some deliverables. To explain the deliverables a presumable application is used. The application used here might not be exactly the same as the final application of t he project since it is lone(prenominal) an initial application. Application Air Traffic (aviation) and environmental legislation What will be looked into? (What will be found out during the project? ) * How airlines operate (in the EU and Global) * Growth of the air transport * What is the impact What is the attitude from the airlines towards the regulations * Environmental damage including the present past and future * What will be the future for the aviation under the regulation * Comparison aviation to other industries (environmental aspects) * Some other points ( manufacture of aircrafts/economy/other related pollutions) * Finally criticizing the analysis with the own opinion Deliverables change according to a selected application. One other possible application that can be use is to look in to the manufacturing of aircrafts, materials used and how waste is treated according to environmental legislations.In order to gain all the mentioned deliverables the project should be at the end of stage three as stated in the objectives. Since this project is still at stage two the deliverables might change as the project progresses. Literature analyse (Findings up to date) The initial books review was done in three categories which are, 1. General (any industry other than aerospace) environmental issues and legislations. 2. Environmental legislations and issue on manufacturing industry and materials. 3. Aerospace related environmental legislations and issues.This way of reading was used to take on sure that a broad general k in a flashledge is gained on environmental subjects before stepping in to the specified topic. 1. General environmental issues and legislations History of the environmental policies, legislations and organisations EU Environmental Policies,2006 As mentioned earlier in the introduction the Environmental vindication Agency (EPA) first brought forward official policies in 1973. Up to now 5 major regulation changes were done by the EPA. Change s were done to call current environmental issues which existed during specific times.EPA gatherings during the past years is as following, * inaugural EPA 1973 Made rules to save water, air and soil. Since it was the first EPA many other stark naked rules were established. * 2nd EPA (1977-1981) Did not publish any new regulation. It was held to review the progress of the first EPA. * 3rd EPA (1982-1986) Discussion on the impact of environmental legislations and economy. procession rules and how to effectively get rid of waste. * 4th EPA (1987-1992) Increasing the general timber of the regulations. Introducing taxing and release permits.Discussion on waste cycles. Analysing impacts on the economy caused by environmental regulations. Discussion on climate changes. * Last EPA up to date (1997-2003) Renewal of emission standards. * Nest EPA climate change, inbred resources, recycling etc. A critical analysis of EU environmental legislations EU Environmental Policies,2006 * Environmental regulations change all the time. * In some cases environmental regulations has an influence on economy. * It has been 30 year from the beginning of the EPA precisely still they are otiose to complete some projects.Natural resource use has been increase and destruction of instinctive habitats has also increased. * The laws are not effective and regulations are not cordial for the public. The public should be educated more about pollution. Construction industry and environmental impact Natural Building Technology,2011 * The construction industry induce 7% (from the total) carbon dioxide in the UK. Using of buildings induce 50% carbon dioxide. * acquire rid of the waste is a major issue faced by the construction industry. * Construction industry requires natural resources such as wood. This leads to environmental pollution. Most of the natural resources are taken from China, India and South East Asia, therefore the damage is not directly done to the county where bui ldings are constructed. Environmental legislation impact on the automotive industry The Open University,2003 * First emission standards were introduced in 1959 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emission. * Most of the world use emission interrogatory for vehicles. * The regulations are tight on the diesel railway locomotive use. * Due to the regulations engine life span is getting less and new designs are introduced frequently. * Regulations has changed guest point of view.They are looking for more efficient engines with less echo for a reasonable price. * Due to the hybrid and electric vehicles the future of the diesel engine is not promising. 2. Environmental legislations and issues on the manufacturing industry and materials Environmental Materials UK midsection for Materials Education, 2011 * Stages of material usage include extraction, production, product design and disposal. * The subject environmental materials look in to the material structure, chemical and physical p roperties. Other than that it also looks in to the stintingal point of view. Picture below shows the lifecycle of a material Diagram 01, Life Cycle Analysis UK Centre for Materials Education, 2011 The impact of environmental regulations on the UK manufacturing sector Nottingham University, 2011 * In a country the economy and environmental pollution is not proportional if that country has proper regulations. * Current regulations act as a helping hand towards the development. * Some regulations are not helping innovation. * More flexible regulations are good for the economy. * UK manufactures always select the short term regulations. * Many companies now use materials with produce less waste. . Aerospace related environmental legislations and issues. Growth of aviation Professor John Whitelegg ,2000 * Since 2006 the harvest-home has been 30% and it will double by 2020. The growth from 1995 to 2015 is nearly 300%. * Aviation has the highest growth rate of all modern transport methods . * Global tax income passenger kilometres (RPK) increased by a factor of 4. 6 (since 1970-1995). RPK growth for different regions are- North the States 27. 5%/Europe 12. 5%/America to Europe 11%/ Asia to America to Europe 12. 7/rest of the world 36. 5%. solely by today Asia (china and India) has the highest RPK due to the rapid development. By 2015 310 million passengers will go through UK airports (in 1995 it was 126 million). Noise pollution by aviationProfessor John Whitelegg ,2000 * The disturbance pollution is commonly experienced around the airports. Officials claims that the commotion footprint of the UK airports has gone down, but complaints from the public against the new terminal 5 in Heathrow airport proved that claim was wrong. * In Netherland racquet pollution by aircrafts is 12%. * UK officials claim that the number of people exposed to noise pollution has rapidly gone down, but Germany had done an investigation on the same matter and came up with a different cla im.They stated that there is an increase in the number of people who are exposed. * Noise pollution effects human health in many different ways. defilement by aircraft emission Professor John Whitelegg ,2000 * Gasses which pollute the environment carbon monoxide/ atomic number 7 oxides/ ozone / particulate matter (PM)/ volatile organic compounds (VOC)/ sulphur dioxide. * UK officials claim that aviation pollution is insignificant, but US data for Zurich and Stockholm airports show that aviation emission pollution is significant in well-defined geographical area. put over below shows the Heathrow airport annual emission data Diagram 02, Heathrow airport annual emission Professor John Whitelegg ,2000 * Prediction shows that by 2050 carbon dioxide will increase by 588% and nitrogen Oxide by 411%. * Aircraft emission at top(prenominal) troposphere and lower stratosphere can cause serious climate change problems. polity measures and management in aviation Professor John Whitelegg , 2000 * There are less regulations for the aviation industry when compared to other industries. * Aviation industry should also follow regulations as other industries do. Current environmental regulations on aviation are out dated. * Aircraft fuel is not under any taxing. * To control pollution it is important to manage the transport demand. * If a new regulation is introduces it should be introduced step by step. All the above mentioned points are from initial literature review. These data are brief descriptions obtained from broad reading. More detailed data are available in the log book. Gantt Chart The time purpose from 29/09/11 to 25/11/11 represents the stage one and two from the objectives.By the time this report is completed this section will be completed. Stage one and two has only got four slots allocated and it is only a quarter of the total slots available. This shows that the amount of work which has to be done in stage 3 is comparatively high. The time allocation for specified reading, supply for the final report and project seminar report and poster submission is relatively high. These are very important tasks of the project therefore they are qualifying to consume more time relative to other tasks. The third stage starts on the 26/11/11 and it ends on 26/04/12.Note A full sized Gantt chart is attached in the appendix. Discussion The initial literature review shows general connections and areas where environment regulations have failed to achieve the needful results. The regulations have been there for almost 30 years now but still most of the issues are not completely solved. Greenhouse gunman emission has considerably decreased during the past years, but the rate of correct is not that impressive. The natural resource use has also rapidly increased up to a point where the general public can feeling the effects of it.It is fair to say that the world is in desperate need of finding alternative sustainable energy methods to survive in th e future. There is a hidden truth behind the use of natural resource by developed countries. Most of the developed countries have limited their natural resource use but in order to fulfil their needs, natural resources are imported from other developing countries. This may seem big on the developed countries side but what they do not empathize is the fact that negative effects from harvesting natural resources (no matter where it comes from) is tone ending to be global.By going through the data I feel homogeneous the environmental regulations has gone easy on the aviation industry when compared to other industries. Best ex adeninele for this is the fact that automotive emission percentages are declining turn aircraft emissions are on the rise. As an excuse for this most officials (mainly in the UK) compares data from 30 years back and claims, there is a drop in emission levels, but what they are not doing is, comparing data with other industries. If the emission is compared wit h other industries it will be glaringly obvious that more work should be done on aircraft emission standards.One main reason for the slackness towards the environmental regulation on aviation industry is that aircraft traffic only contributes a small percentage towards the total pollution of the planet. But this claim is not that accurate, it doesnt take in to account the manufacturing process of aircrafts, natural resources used in the process and vehicle emissions due to airport traffic. Emission is not the only environmental problem caused by aviation, noise pollution is another main issue caused by aviation. New research shows that exposition to high noise levels can cause serious damage to people.People who are continually exposed to high noise levels are more likely to gain noise related health issues, due to this fact living near airports can be a prime reason for health hazards. Likewise there are many unsolved problems involving the environmental pollution and aircraft ind ustry. More details regarding issues and practical solutions for the issues will be researched and criticised in the next stage of this project. Furthermore an appropriate application will also be used to narrow the subject in order to make it more specific.Reference * EU Environmental Policies, 2006 A short history of the insurance strategies. Online obtainable at < http//www. eeb. org/publication/chapter-3. pdf> Last accessed 20th Oct 2011 * Natural Building Technology, 2011 Environmental Impact. Online Available at < http//www. natural-building. co. uk/environmental_impact. html> Last accessed 30th family 2011 * The Open University, 2003 Environmental legislation as a driver of design. Online Available at < http//oro. open. ac. uk/13233/1/13233. df> Last accessed 3th Oct 2011 * UK Centre for Materials Education, 2011 Environmental Materials. Online Available at < http//www. materials. ac. uk/guides/environmental. asp> Last accessed 24th Oct 2011 * Nottin gham University, 2011 The Impact of Environmental Regulations.. Online Available at < http//www. nottingham. ac. uk/business/lizrr1_Profrep. pdf> Last accessed 26th Oct 2011 * Professor John Whitelegg ,2000 Aviation the social, economic and environmental impact of flying Online Available at < http//www. reco. org/air10. pdf> Last accessed twenty-seventh Oct 2011 Bibliography * The Economic Impact of Environmental Regulation (Page 1) (http//web. mit. edu/polisci/mpepp/Reports/Econ%20Impact%20Enviro%20Reg. pdf) * Carbon Capture & Storage (http//www. scottish-enterprise. com//media/SE/Resources/Documents/ABC/Carbon-capture-and-storage-opportunities-for-Scotland. ashx) * Environmental law (http//www. ukela. org/rte. asp? id=14) Appendix